The Fundus, or inner lining, of the eye is photographed using a Fundus Camera through the dilated pupil of the patient. The painless procedure produces a sharp view of the retina, the retinal vasculature, and the optic nerve head (optic disc) from which the retinal vessels enter the eye. The optic disc measures about 1.5mm in diameter.

The vessels form an arc around the macula which produces the central 20 degrees of vision. At the center of the macula lies the tiny fovea, measuring only 300-500 microns across (about the size of a ballpoint), which is responsible for our most central reading vision.

Fundus Photography is used to record the condition of these structures in order to document the presence of disorders and monitor their change over time.